@article{ author = {Motallebnejad, Mina and Mottaghi, Kataayoun and Mehdizadeh, Shervin and Alaeddini, Farshid and Bijani, Ali}, title = {Reliability and validity of the persian version of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI)}, abstract ={Introduction: As the oral health related quality of life has been important in many dental patients GOHAI is an acceptable tool, preparing its Persian version can be useful in oral health research among Persian populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Methods: Translation was performed using the forward-backward process. The final Persian version was then tested through an interview and test-retest to evaluate its comprehensibility and reliability. A sample of 150 subjects (20-65 years old) was requested to answer the GOHAI items prior to a clinical examination. Data on the subjects’ socio-demographic characteristics and self-rating report of oral health, general health and dental care needs were recorded. Internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach’s α. Interview and test-retest reliability was evaluated by weighted kappa. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing GOHAI scores and self-rated measures of oral health, general health and perceived dental care needs. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing GOHAI scores with clinical oral condition. Results: The mean GOHAI score was 46.78±7.85. Cronbach’s α (0.78) showed a high internal consistency and homogeneity between items. Weighted kappa coefficient for the interview varied from 0.60 to 0.96 and was between 0.33 and 0.64 for test-retest. Bland-Altman plot displayed a good agreement between the two GOHAI scores for both the interview and test-retest. There was no significant relationship between GOHAI scores and self-rating oral health (p=0.090), but there was a relationship between self-rating general health and mean GOHAI scores (p=0.047). Also, the low GOHAI scores were associated with the perceived dental care needs (p=0.001). There was an opposite correlation between GOHAI scores and caries and missing teeth (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The Persian version of the GOHAI exhibits acceptable reliability and validity, so it can be used widely throughout the persian communities.}, Keywords = {GOHAI, Persian, Quality of life, Questionnaire}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {8-17}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.1.8}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Alaghehmand, Homayoun and Seyedmajidi, Maryam and Amiri-Andi, Behzad and Babaee, Ne}, title = {Histopathological evaluation of dental pulp of cat after using of sodium sulfonate in composite restorative treatment}, abstract ={Introduction : Previous researches showed that neutral soaps significantly increased bond strength and decreased microleakage of dentin bonding agents. The aim of this study was histopathological evaluation of the effect of sodium sulfonate application as neutral soap on the cat's dental pulp after an ideal composite restorative treatment .  Methods: Ten adult cats with 40 caries-free canine teeth were selected for the study. Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of all the teeth. The teeth of the right quadrants were treated with composite, whereas the teeth of the left quadrants were primarily etched, after using of sodium sulfonate solution, they treated with composite. The first five cats were killed after one week and the other five cats after one month. The teeth were fixed, decalcified and after being sliced, paraffined blocks were made and microscopic slides were prepared and histologically evaluated. Results: The results of the histological evaluation showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the intensity of inflammation in the pulp of the teeth in the right and left quadrants after one week (P=1.000) and one month (P=0.773). However, there was significant difference after one week regarding predentin formation (P=0.017) and in the teeth of the left quadrants, the formation of predentin was more that the right quadrants, but no meaningful difference was observed after one month (P=0.203).   Conclusion: It seems that the sodium sulfonate in composite restorative treatments without fear of damage to the pulp can be used.}, Keywords = {Composite, Dentin bonding agents, Sodium sulfonate, Microleakage, Dental pulp}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {18-24}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.1.18}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-75-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Moudi, Ehsan and Haghanifar, Sina and Hadian, Hoora and Bijani, Ali and Safinia, Mirmahmood and Bahemmat, Nik}, title = {Accuracy of mandibular vertical linear measurement in panoramic and tomography images}, abstract ={Introduction: The measurement precision of jaw is important for surgery or installing implants. Preimplant radiographs are important part of clinical evaluations before implant surgery. For choosing location, we should consider the important anatomical structures like mental foramen, inferior alveolar canal, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.It is important to know the measurement accuracy of radiographic techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare mandibular vertical linear measurement in panoramic and tomography images. Methods: Three forms of mandible from dry adult human skulls were used in this study (triangle, square and ellipse). For each mandible, surgical stent was made using transparent with gold standard.acryl. A thin tube was placed in the stents in three regions (incisors, premolars and molars) to set gutta-percha. Then, the panoramic view and conventional tomography were obtained. Four oral and maxillofacial radiologists measured the vertical dimension in panoramic and conventional tomography. Finally, each mandible was sectioned in the marked sections and was measured by a digital caliper (gold standard) and compared with conventional tomography and panoramic view .The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS18 software and student t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and non parametric Mann-Whitney Test. Results: The mean difference between the panoramic and gold standard linear vertical dimension values in premolar and molar regions was above 1mm and above 2mm in incisor region. The mean difference between conventional tomography and gold standard measurements in all three regions was 1mm. Conclusions: The linear measurement of vertical dimension in conventional tomography was more precise than panoramic. The use of a 2.0 mm safety margin in the evaluation of implant sites was recommended.In incisor area, the other radiography methods like CBCT was suggested.}, Keywords = {Implant, Panoramic, Radiography, Conventional tomography}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-31}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.1.25}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rohaninasab, Marzieh and Sattari, Mandana and Abedi, Horrieh and Zarenejad, Nafise}, title = {The effect of periodontal therapy on IL-17 and IL-23 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) of patients with severe periodontitis}, abstract ={Introduction: Cytokines are the important factors in the progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of the first phase of the periodontal therapy on the amount of existing IL-17 and IL-23 in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with severe periodontitis and in the control group. Methods: In this clinical trial intervention study,after purifying the parts which were under consideration in 22 patients with severe periodontitis, gingival crevicular fluid was gathered using periopaper located within the gingival sulcus, Then, the first phase of periodontal therapy was carried out and sample taking from the same parts was conducted after 4 weeks. The same phase was carried out on 24 healthy patients (control group). All patients were selected from the Department of Periodontology, Tehran Islamic Azad University Dental Branch. Since the data did not have a normal distribution, therefore, nonparametric tests were used for comparing the groups (Mann-Whitney U Test). A p≤0.05 is considered as significant. Results: The results showed that there was a meaningful and significant difference between the IL-17 viscosity before (p<0005) and after (p<005) the therapy and IL-23 viscosity before (p<0001) and after (p<001) the therapy between the two groups. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, we can conclude that IL-17 and IL-23 have a significant role in the pathogeneses of periodontal disease.}, Keywords = {Severe periodontitis, IL-17, IL-23}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {32-38}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.1.32}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Seyedmajidi, Maryam and Keshavarzi, Parand and Bijani, Ali and Faraji, Reza and Babaee, Ne}, title = {A histopathological study of smoking on free gingiva in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis}, abstract ={Introduction: Cigarette smoking has been recognized to be a risk factor for progression of periodontal disease . Due to less inflammation and bleeding in the presence of clinical signs of periodontal disease in smokers than in nonsmokers and given the conflicting results of studies on changes in the epithelium and gingival connective tissue by smoking, this study was performed to evaluate the thickness and keratosis on the epithelium of free and sulcular gingival tissue in smokers and nonsmokers patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Methods: In this cross sectional study, biopsies were obtained from palatal gingival of 60 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis (30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 microns, stained with H. E., and examined by image analysis software (analysis- SL- starter), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation of the outer and inner epithelial thickness, keratosis and vascularity in connective tissue. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17, t -test, Mann-Whitney Test, and Pearson correlation. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Histopathological examination showed significant association between smoking and CAL (P=0.048), keratosis on outer epithelium (P=0.020) and mean of thickness of outer (P=0.023) and inner (P< 0.001) marginal gingival epithelium but gingival vascular density in nonsmokers was more than smokers (P=0.002). Collagenized connective tissue was observed in smokers more than non smokers . (P< 0.001) Conclusion: It seems that the reduction of the clinical signs of inflammation in the gingival tissue of smokers is due to changes in gingival epithelium and connective tissue from smoking.}, Keywords = {Cigarette, Oral epithelium, Gingiva, Keratinization}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-45}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.1.39}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Alhavaz, Abdolhamid and Alaghemand, Homayoun and Poorsattar-Bejehmir, Arash and Vakili, Yashar and Odak, Mashhad and Rastar, Amir}, title = {Assessment of aging effects on porcelain repair systems discoloration}, abstract ={Introduction: The selection of porcelain is based on high biocompatibility, endurance, superficial texture and aesthetics. Nevertheless, the innate fracture charateritics of porcelain is the main cause of the intra oral fractures. Electing a suitable porcelain restorative system in terms of stability of color is important. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the color changes of common porcelain repair materials . Methods: Using a silicon mold, 30 pieces of feldspathic porcelain in A3 color, 10mm of diameter and 2 mm of thickness were prepared. The samples were randomly distributed into three groups : Group 1: Porcelain-Silane-Bonding-Composite Group 2: Porcelain-Silane-Bonding-Panavia F 2.0-Bonding-Silane-Porcelain Group 3: Porcelain-Silane-Bonding-Choice 2 -Bonding-Silane-Porcelain The aging process was accomplished with thermocyling (3000 cycles, 5/55 degree), incubation in 37° and 100° humidity. Thereafter, discoloration was assessed In CIE system via designation of color transforming matrix in MATLAB environment . Results: The average quantitative amount of discoloration at day 0, 90 and 180 were 76.8±0.57, 79.15±0.52, 80.13±0.6 for Choice, 78.03±0.9, 79.42±0.82, 80.17±0.51 for Panavia, and 78.41±1.53, 79.59±0.77, 81.03±0.63 for Composite, respectively. The color changes by the time were significant for the all three groups (p<001).Calculating day 0-180 color changes, mean color differences for Choice, Panavia and Composite groups were 3.33±0.83 , 2.13±1.23, and 2.61±1.6, respectively. The color changes did not differ in the studied groups (p<0.133). Conclusions: Post-aging color changes were significant, although all samples had color changes less than 3.5,Considering the clinical significance of color changes of more than 3.5, these results were acceptable and all three restorative materials could reliably be applied in the daily clinical use .}, Keywords = {Porcelain, Color changes, Digital photographer, CIE LAB color system}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {46-52}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.1.46}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-76-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khodadadi, Effat and Motallebnejad, Mina and Alizadeh, Mehnoosh}, title = {Oral health related quality of life among adults reffered to dental clinic of Babol Faculty of Dentistry in 2009-2011}, abstract ={Introduction: The quality of life is defined as the individual's sense of well-being and their satisfaction with daily work as influenced by dental and oral conditions. Oral diseases are very common and have impacts on the different aspects of individual's life and can change their social performances roles, in other words, they can change the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluae the impact of oral problems on quality of life in adults who referred to Babol Faculty of Dentistry during 2009-2011. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using a non-randomized sampling method. In this study, 500 patients who referred to Babol Faculty of Dentistry age 20-50 years were selected. Then all the questions in OIDP (Oral Impact on Daily Performance) questionnaire which were translated into persian from english were asked and completed. These questions are valuable and reliable for Iranians based on the previous studies. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: According to this study, oral problems have effected on (80.6%) of the patients’ quality of life. Gender, occupation, level of education and general health have impacted on OIDP score changes. There were significant differences in gender, occupation and level of education. In this study, the general and oral health conditions scores showed a significant association with OIDP score. Most of the patients’ complaint was about eating (64.4%), but going outside and shopping were the least (10%). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, tooth pain was the most oral and dental problem and tooth shape and size were the least effective on the oral health related quality of life. This shows that the most needed treatment are tooth restoration ، root canal therapy and surgical treatment for pain relief.}, Keywords = {Adult ,Oral health , Quality of life}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-60}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.1.53}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ehsani, Maryam and Adibi, Ata and Moosavi, Ehsanollah and Dehghani, Atana and Khafri, Soraya and Adibi, Elham}, title = {Antimicrobial activity of three different endodontic sealers on the enterococcus faecalis and lactobacillus (in vitro)}, abstract ={Introduction: Growth and proliferation of the remaining microorganisms within the root canals may destroy the surrounding tissue of the root and leads to periapical lesion. Consequently, the complete elimination of microorganisms from the root canal is a n important goal of endodontic therapy. Endodontic sealers do not provide complete seal in root canal system, and micro spaces have always remained between the material and canal walls that lead to penetration of these spaces, so, an antibacterial activity is essential for sealers. The aim of the present study was the in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the three endodontic sealers on two microorganisms . Methods: To study the effect of each sealer AH26, MTA Fillapex and ADseal on Enterococcus Faecalis and L actobacillus bacteria 10 samples were considered. In this experimental study, 60 plates were exposed to bacteria and 10 plates were considered for control group. Sealer antibacterial effect on bacterial growth was studied after 48 hours. Firstly, the freshly prepared sealers were poured inside the micro tube and diffused in the wall of the micro tube. Then solution of nutrient broth was poured into a micro tube and the determined volume of solution of bacterial suspension was added into a microtube and was kept 24 hours in the incubator to grow the bacteria. Then, it was poured in the plates of blood agar and cultured after 24 hours and then the colonies grown on the plates were counted in sufficient light. The data were analyzed with M ANOVA statistical test and SPSS Version 18. Results: Most bacteria grew in the plates of ADseal sealer and MTA fillapex sealer with means of 5113.00CFU and 3077.00CFU respectively, while the lowest number of bacteria grew in the plates of AH26 sealer with a mean of 1345.15CFU. Conclusions: Most antibacterial activities of each enterococcus faecalis and l actobacillus bacteria sample was for AH26 sealer and MTA fillapex sealer. The lowest antibacterial activity was for ADseal sealer.}, Keywords = {Endodontics sealers, Antibacterial activity, Microorganisms}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {8-14}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.2.8}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khodadadi, Effat and Ghasemi, Nafiseh and Pouramir, Mehdi and Bijani, Ali}, title = {Total antioxidant property and pH change of dental plaque and saliva in 6-11-year-old children after consumption of flavored milk}, abstract ={Introduction: The antioxidant properties of chocolate and other flavored additives besides the sugar added to milk raises the question about the acidogenecity of flavored milk. This study was conducted to measure the pH changes of dental plaque and saliva after the consumption of flavored milk and evaluate the antioxidant property of them. Methods: This study was performed on 42 samples of dental plaque and 42 samples of saliva in 6-11 year old school going children. Milk with flavors of strawberry, chocolate, banana, honey and slim milk were evaluated, all from the same manufacturer with a similar production date. At the beginning of the study on the first day, children were given thorough oral propHylaxis and they were instructed to avoid any method of oral hygiene for 48 hours to permit enough plaque deposition. On the third day the children were divided into 7 groups, 6 children in each group. The supra-gingival plaque was collected through the help of an excavator #3 which was pulled twice with the same force on the tooth surface. The saliva was collected using spitting technique. Each child swished 10 cc of milk for 1 minute in his/her mouth. Fresh plaque samples after 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes and saliva samples immediately, after 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes were collected. The pH of the samples were recorded by a pH testing apparatus (Basic 20+, Crisom). To evaluate the antioxidant property of studied milk, Frap test was performed. The collected readings were reported as mean±SD and analyzed by ANOVA repeated measures, Post hoc Tukey and Paired T-test. In this study, p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: After 30 minutes, honey milk caused the least drop 0.74±0.30 and banana milk caused the highest drop 1.38 0.25 in plaque pH (p≤0.05). After 30 minutes, the pH of saliva showed no significant difference compared to the initial pH. Chocolate milk contained the highest (1000 micromol/liter) and banana milk the lowest (706.25 micromol/liter) antioxidant concentration. Conclusions: Because of the highest antioxidant properties and reduction of dental plaque PH to a lesser extent, milk with honey, chocolate and coffee is more recommended for children.}, Keywords = {Milk, Dental plaque, Saliva, Antioxidant capacity, pH}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.2.15}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-94-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mirzaie, Meysam and Arash, Valiollah and Rabiee, Mahmoud and Ramezani, Iman and Bijani, Ali}, title = {Evaluation of frictional resistance between monocrystalline (ICE) brakcets and Stainless Steel, Beta TMA and NiTiarch wires}, abstract ={Introduction: When using sliding mechanics for space closure during orthodontic treatment, friction occurs at the bracket-wire interface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frictional resistance between monocrystalline (ICE) brackets and Stainless Steel, Beta TMA and NiTi wires. Methods: In this experimental study, we used 5 different types of orthodontic wires. Brackets and wires were divided in to 5 groups: 1-(monocrystalline+stainless steel 18) 2–(monocrystalline+stainless steel 19×25) 3-(monocrystalline+Beta-TMA) 4–(monocrystalline+Beta TMA 19×25) 5-(monocrystalline+NiTi 18). Instron Universal Testing Machine was used to investigate the static frictional resistance. The angulation between bracket and wire was 0 and the wires were pulled through the slots at a speed of 10 mm/min. Tests were performed 10 times for each group in artificial saliva. The average of 10 forces recorded was considered as static friction. One-way ANOVA and SPSS Version 18 and LSD post hoc test were used to evaluate the results of the study. Results: The mean static frictional force for each group was: group1: 0.82 ± 0.14, group 2: 1.09 ± 0.30, group 3: 0.87 ± 0.53, group 4: 1.9 ± 1.16, group 5: 1.42 ± 0.30. There was a significant difference when comparing the two groups of similar wires in terms of shape (round or rectangular cross-section) as when comparing Beta TMA 18 and 19×25 arch wires with each other, the obtained p-value was 0.023, while the obtained p-value for the comparison of stainles steel arch wires was 0.034 . Conclusions: The result of this study shows that Stainless Steel 18 wires generate the least amount of friction and round wires produce less friction than the rectangular wires. Beta TMA wires generate the highest amount of friction.}, Keywords = {Bracket, Wire, Frictional resistance}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.2.23}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ravadgar, Mehdi and Arash, Valiollah and Pachenari, Hami}, title = {Comparison of shear bond strength of the stainless steel metallic brackets bonded by three bonding systems}, abstract ={Introduction: In orthodontic treatment, it is essential to establish a satisfactory bond between enamel and bracket. After the self-etch primers (SEPs) were introduced for the facilitation of bracket bonding in comparison to the conventional etch-and-bond system, multiple studies have been carried out on their shear bond strengths which have yielded different results. This study was aimed at comparing shear bond strengths of the stainless steel metallic brackets bonded by three bonding systems. Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, 60 extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups: in the first group, Transbond XT (TBXT) light cured composite was bonded with Transbond plus self-etching primer (TPSEP) in the second group, TBXT composite was bonded with the conventional method of acid etching and in the third group, the self cured composite Unite TM bonding adhesive was bonded with the conventional method of acid etching. In all the groups, Standard edgewise-022 metallic brackets (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, USA) were used. Twenty-four hours after the completion of thermocycling, shear bond strength of brackets was measured by Universal Testing Machine (Zwick). In order to compare the shear bond strengths of the groups, the variance analysis test (ANOVA) was adopted and p≤0.05 was considered as a significant level. Results: Based on megapascal, the average shear bond strength for the first, second, and third groups was 8.27±1.9, 9.78±2, and 8.92±2.5, respectively. There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength of the groups. Conclusions: Since TPSEP shear bond strength is approximately at the level of the conventional method of acid etching and within the desirable range for orthodontic brackets shear bond strength, applying TPSEP can serve as a substitute for the conventional method of etch and bond, particularly in orthodontic operations.}, Keywords = {Shear bond strength, Metallic brackets, Self-etching primer}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-35}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.2.29}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Amouei, Abdoliman and Khosravi, Mahmood and Asgharnia, Hosseinali and Ghanbari, Habibollah and Faraji, Hossei}, title = {Evaluation of quality and quantity of solid wastes in Babol Dental Faculty–North of Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Dental wastes are a main part of urban solid wastes in each society and have pathogenic agents and toxic chemicals, which put health of patients, personnel and other referees to dental clinics in danger. The present study  was done to recognize the quality and quantity of the different generated wastes at various parts of the Faculty of Dentistry-Babol University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The whole solid wastes generated in the odd and even days (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday) of the middle of the week from the second month of each season were examined. Various dental solid wastes including general, infectious and hazardous chemical wastes were weighted by typical scale. Results: The generation rate of the solid wastes were: total dental wastes: 291.2 kg including general solid wastes: 251.3 kg (%86.3), infectious wastes and sharps: 38 kg (%13) and hazardous chemical waste: 2 kg (%0.7). The total amount of wastes in a year was 69888 kg. The solid wastes are daily produced according to each active dental unit as total, domestic-type, infectious and the hazardous chemical wastes were 3.07 kg, 2.65 kg, 0.4 kg and 0.02 kg, respectively. Conclusions: Considering the quality and quantity of the generated dental solid wastes especially infectious wastes and their unfavorable effects on the peoples' health and environment, it is necessary to compile a distinct policy for the management of these medical solid wastes. Also, holding training workshops, knowledge of the staffs in the dentistry care centers should be increased to avoid possible dangers.}, Keywords = {Dental solid waste, Faculty of dentistry, Babol}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {36-41}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.2.36}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Nozari, Ali and Esmaeilpour, Tahere and Fijan, Soleiman and Salmannejad, Mahi}, title = {Evaluation of the long-shelf life honey milk As a storage media for preservation of avulsed teeth}, abstract ={Introduction: Tooth avulsion is defined as the complete displacement of the tooth from its alveolar socket which causes damage to the periodontal ligament structure, cementum, alveolar bone, gingiva, and dental pulp. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of long-shelf life honey milk to serve as a temporary storage medium for the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability on avulsed teeth. Methods: PDL cells were obtained from premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes which were clinically healthy and had healthy gingiva (i.e. not inflamed).Then, 8×10³ cells were seeded in each well of 96-well plate. and Afterwards treated with long-shelf life milk and honey milk , Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and fresh milk . Different incubation periods were 1, 3, 6, and 9 hours. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and dry medium were considered as positive and negative control media, respectively. Cell viability was determined by using the MTT ( Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide ) assay. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way anova, two-way anova and post hoc Scheffe tests. . A level of p≤0.05 was accepted as statistically significant Results: The results indicate that all media performed significantly better in maintaining PDL cell viability than the negative control at all time periods. (p≤0.001) After 9 hours, Percentage of viable PDL cells in long-shelf life honey milk, long-shelf life milk and HBSS were 82 ±0.82 , 75±8.13 and 87±2.78 respectively. Furthermore cells' viability in both long-shelf life honey milk and HBSS was significantly better than fresh milk medium (p=0.003). Moreover, the results of One-way ANOVA showed long-shelf life honey milk were more effective in preserving the PDL cell viability as well as HBSS after 9 hours. Conclusions: According to the study results, long-shelf life honey milk considered as appropriate storage media which are comparable to HBSS. These media are not only able to keep more cells viability after 9h compared to the expensive commercial solutions, but are also be easily accessible.}, Keywords = {Tooth avulsion, Fibroblasts, DMEM, Storage media}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.2.42}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Moudi, Ehsan and Mehdizadeh, Mohammad and Haghanifar, Sina and Sheikhi, Maryam and Bijani, Ali}, title = {Evaluation of the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in determining the location of the lingula}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in locating the position of lingula as an index to estimate the location of mandibular foramen. Methods: The distance measurement in this study was carried out on 30 dry mandibles, composed of at least 2 first molars and one canine. Photography and panoramic radiography of the mandible was performed in a steady reproducible position. 10 lines (including 2 horizontal and 8 vertical) were drawn from the lingula to the anterior and posterior borders of ramus, the coronoid process and the lower border of the mandible. These lines were measured and compared in photographs and panoramic radiographs. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software, paired t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. Results: Considering all different distances, there was no significant difference between the findings of panoramic radiographs and photographs with regard to 3 indices as follows: Cd (posteroinferiormostpoint of mandibular foramen to the posterior border of the mandible) In (5 mm behind the postero inferior most point of mandibular foramen to the lower border of mandible) gh( 5 mm ahead of superior most point of mandibular foramen to the coronoid notch) Whereas, a significant difference was observed in other indices. Conclusions: It seems that the Panoramic radiograph is an inaccurate guide to display the precise location of the lingula.}, Keywords = {Panoramic radiography, Mandible, Dimentional measurement}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {48-54}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/cjdr.2.2.48}, url = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjdr.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Dental Research}, issn = {2251-9890}, eissn = {2322-2395}, year = {2013} }