Showing 16 results for Root Canal
Ali Soleymani, Sina Mirzairad, Abbas Mesgarani, Azadeh Harandi, Soraya Khafri, Farideh Feizi, Mahyar Bahmannia,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Apical seal in blood or dry root canal is a problem in endodontic treatment. Failure of apical seal causes inflammatory reaction and failure root canal treatment. Because of the sealer properties, root canal should be dry for obturation. But hydrophilic sealers can adhere to root canal walls nowadays and this problem is still controversial. This study aimed at determining the apical microleakage of AH26 and MTA Fillapex sealers in dry and bloody condition.
Methods: This experimental in vitro study was done on 48 extracted central teeth. The researchers used the Mtwo rotary files for root canal instrumentation. In this process, the teeth were divided into four groups (2 dry groups and 2 bloody groups) and two groups as positive and negative control (each group of 4 teeth). All sealers were prepared according to the factory instruction and the obturation was done with gutta-percha and sealer. After 7 days in 100% moisture condition, the teeth were placed in the ink for 3 days and then were cut across longitudinal axis and the level of microleakage was measured by stereomicroscope.Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software, ANOVA, Chi-Square and t-test statistical tests.
Results:The mean of MTA Fillapex and AH26 apical microleakage in blood groups were (448.61± 34.67) Mm and (429.84± 31.63) Mm respectively. The minimum microleakage belonged to AH26 sealer, but it was not significant.
Conclusion: AH26 sealer is a better barrier against microleakage in comparison with MTA Fillapx, although it is not significant. Also, the evidence suggests drying the canal leads to a better apical seal and the blood significantly increases apical microleakage.
Abbas Mesgarani, Sina Mirzaeerad, Ali Akbar Moghadamnia, Mona Mahyar, Arash Poorsattar Bejeh Mir, Maryam Ehsani,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Inhibiting the pain which affects both the patients and dentists is an important factor during treating dental patients. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effect of two medications ibuprofen and gabapentin on the post-endodontic-therapy pain.
Methods: Forty patients who need root canal therapy with Visual Analog Scale (VAS)>40, participated in this double-blind randomized clinical trial study and randomly divided into two groups. The ibuprofen group received 800 mg ibuprofen 1 hour before the treatment and 400 mg at 6, 12 and 24 hours after the treatment procedure, and the other group received 600 mg gabapentin 1 hour before the treatment and 300 mg at 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Patients recorded the intensity of pain via VAS before treatment and every hour for the first 6 h after taking the medication and then every 6 h thereafter for a total of the 48-hour period. (Two tablets of acetaminophen codeine (325mg/20mg) were given to the patients as a rescue dose.
Results: The analgesic effect of gabapentin was significantly higher than ibuprofen in 12h (p=0.035), 24h (p<0.001), and 48 h (p=0.012) after analgesic intake. It has been also shown that both medicines had analgesic effect significantly. (p<0.0001)
Conclusions: Gabapentin had greater analgesic effects on the sample group from 12 h until 48h after taking in comparison with ibuprofen so it seems that it could be an appropriate option for postoperative pain inhibition.
Arghavan Amini-Behbahani, Farin Kiany, Bahareh Farsizadeh,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Since crown lengthening surgery could be accompanied by stress, pain and discomfort, knowledge about its predisposing factors could reduce the demands for such surgery.The aim of this study was to identify the most important indications of crown lengthening surgery in order to present new ideas to clinicians on how to reduce the need for this surgery.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 470 patients (aged 12-89 years) referred for crown lengthening surgery. The patients' demographic data and their reasons for surgery, the teeth restoration condition and its type, condition of the opposite tooth, type of fractured cusp (posterior teeth), root canal therapy condition and quality, and size of existing intracanal posts were recorded in a data sheet. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software.The chi-square and fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. The significant difference was p<0.05.
Results: The most frequent indication in men and women was dental caries followed by tooth fracture.The second upper premolars and first lower molars needed crown lengthening surgery more often, respectively.
Conclusions: Since dental caries and fracture are the most important factors that predispose teeth to crown lengthening surgery, controlling caries with a regular recall sequence can reduce the need for such surgery, especially in the elderly.
Seyed Mehdi Dejkam, Mohammad Kashefinezhad, Sina Mirzayeerad, Aliakbar Moghadamnia, Hemmat Gholinia,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Feeling pain after root canal therapy has always been a major problem for patients and dentists. One of the suggested methods to manage the pain is using the prophylactic medication before treatment process. This study aimed at investigating the comparison of pretreatment with novafen versus gelofen on reducing the pain after root canal therapy.
Materials &Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients aged 18-65 who were indicated for root canal therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive gelofen capsules (400mg), novafen capsules (200mg) and placebo two capsules by every patient of these groups one hour prior to sampling. Pre/post-treatment pain was measured using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before treatment and 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment.
Results: Both novafen and gelofen indicated significant analgesic effect during the study period (p<0.001). Pain severity within 8 hours after treatment was significantly lower in novafen group than two other groups (p=0.03). The difference between the severity of pain did not show any association to their place of life and gender in any groups.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the prophylactic novafen in comparison to gelofen had a better analgesic effect in short-term and could be a good candidate for the management of post-endodontic treatment pain.
Mahdis Bagherian, Abbas Mesgarani, Sina Haghanifar, Ali Soleimani, Sina Mirzaeerad, Soraya Khafri, Maryam Ehsani,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Root canal instrumentation is an important phase in root canal therapy. Since success in endodontic treatment depends on file defect and fracture, the aim of this study was to compare the evaluation of defect and fracture in rotary and reciproc files in severe curved root canals.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 60 mesial canals of human closed apex molars with more than 30° canal curvature were randomly divided into two groups. In first group M-two rotary files number# 15, 20, and 25 and in second group R25 reciproc file were used for filing, respectively. A ×8 magnifier was applied to evaluate the defect or fracture presence in each side and if it were observed, a new file would be replaced. Therefore, the number of prepared canals with each file and fractured or defective files and the place of fracture in root canal were recorded. Kaplan Meier curve and log rank test were done by using SPSS v.22.
Results: In rotary group, seven and two files were fractured and defected, respectively and four files were fractured and no defect was observed in reciproc group. Although the mean of the number of prepared canals until fracture or defect in rotary and reciproc groups was 3.3 and 7.06, respectively, there were no significant differences between two systems. All file’s fractures occurred in apical regions .
Conclusion: The results showed that there was no significant difference in defects or fractures of rotary and reciproc systems. Reciproc instruments can be more effective than rotary ones because the root canal preparation in rotary instruments is longer than in reciproc system.
Eshagh Ali Saberi, Narges Farhadmollashahi, Elnaz Mousavi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: antimicrobial activity of irrigants and interappointment intracanal dressing is an important consideration in endodontics . The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemomechanical preparation of the necrotic canals with different irrigants and intra canal dressing in the control of root canal infection and sinus tract closure.
Materials &Methods: In this study, 65 patients with sinus tract were treated. They were randomly divided into 4 groups. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) was used as the irrigation solutions in the group one and two, then the canals were filled. In group three, after irrigation with NaOCl, Ca (OH) 2/sterile Saline was used as intra canal medicament, and similar to group three Ca (OH) 2/CHX was used in group four after irrigating by CHX. After 7 days, the intra canal paste was removed and the canals were filled. The sinus tract closure was followed up within 7, 14, and 21-day intervals. The data were analyzed using Chi Square and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.
Results: The highest mean time of sinus tract closure was for Ca (OH)2/sterile Saline and the lowest was for Ca(OH)2/CHX . The differences of sinus tract closure between group 2&4 (p=0.04), group 3&4 (p=0.004) . Groups were statistically significant.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Ca (OH)2/CHX paste as intra canal dressing has good clinical efficacy in the control of root canal infection and sinus tract closure.
Pouya Mehmandoust, Narges Farhadmollashahi, Ali Ghasemi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: This in vitro study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of lavandula -0fficinalis extract, with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), as root canal irrigants, on Enterococcus faecalis (EF).
Materials &Methods: Seventy five extracted single-rooted premolars were selected. Root canals were prepared using rotary ProTaper system and were infected with the culture of E. faecalis. Specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15), Group 1, 2: lavandula extracts (0.26 and 0.52 mg/mL), Group 3: 2.5%NaOCL, Group 4: 2%CHX, Group 5: Normal Saline. Irrigation was performed for each group for 5, 10 and 15 min. The viable bacteria obtained by collecting the canal dentin chips. Data analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney u tests.
Results: The mean number of viable bacteria was significantly reduced after 5 min exposure to lavandula solutions (p<0.05). A significant difference also existed between different times in the NaOCL group, being significant between 5 and 15 min (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between different times in the CHX group. Comparison of the mean number of viable bacteria between different groups at different exposure times revealed that the difference between lavandula and NaOCL solutions with CHX was significant at 5 and 10 min (p<0.05), however, no statistically significant difference was observed between lavandula solutions and NaOCL.
Conclusion: lavandula extract was effective in killing of EF. Further studies are necessary to fully understand its other properties such as tissue solubility, removal of smear layer and impact on dentin structure.
Yasser Samadi, Azadeh Harandi, Ali Soleymani, Soraya Khafri, Saeid Tavanafar,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Working length determination is important in successful endodontic treatment and retreatment.This study evaluated the accuracy of two electronic apex locators Root ZX and Raypex®6 (EALs) in determining the electronic working length (EWL) of the root canals in endodontic treatment and retreatment.
Materials and Methods: Access cavities were prepared on forty extracted, single-rooted human teeth and the actual working length (AWL) of the canals was determined. In the first phase of the study, primary EWL of un-instrumented teeth was measured and compared between two EALs. In phase II, all of the teeth were pre-flared and divided into the control(n=10) and the retreatment groups (n=30). Canals in the retreatment group were obturated by the lateral condensation technique using Gutta percha and sealer. After 15 days, gutta-percha was removed, and then the secondary EWL was recorded and compared between the two devices, in treatment and retreatment groups. Data were analysed by paired t-test and t-test.
Results: Significant differences were found between both EALs in treatment and retreatment phases of the study (p<0.001).both EALs showed increased accuracy in retreatment group (p<0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the control and retreatment groups in the second phase of the study for Root ZX (p = 0.929), and Raypex®6 (p=0.937).
Conclusion: Accuracy of the two EALs was similar and acceptable. EWLs determined by Root ZX were closer to the AWL. The EWL determination after pre-flaring improved the accuracy of EALs and root canal obturation remnant materials did not have any clear effect on the accuracy of these EALs.
Maryam Zare Jahromi, Arezoo Tahmoorespoor, Nadia Hemmat, Elham Moghadasi Broujeni, Parisa Ranjbarian,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Debridement of root canal using appropriately safe and effective irrigants is the key factor for long-term success. Purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of propolis with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis.
Materials &Methods: In this study, 36 single-canal roots were used. The crown was removed and instrumentation was prepared by step-back technique, then teeth were sterilized and contaminated with E. Faecalis, and divided into four groups with 9 cases: group1: Propolis, group2: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, group3: 2% chlorhexidine and group4: controls. Irrigants were injected by a 27-gauge syringe and roots were incubated in 37°C for one week. Sampling was done and inoculated to tryptone soy broth media, after 24 hours the turbidity was measured. Samples were also cultured on agar plates, and colony-forming units were counted as CFU/ml. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The difference between propolis with mean value of 246.77 colonies and chlorhexidine with mean value of zero colonies, was significant (P=.002). Similarly, the difference between chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite with mean value 203.55 of colonies was significant and they had significant difference in turbidity (P=.002), too. No significant difference was observed between propolis and sodium hypochlorite with regard to the induced colonies (P=0.781) and their turbidity (P=0.495).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that antibacterial activity of 2% chlorhexidine against E. faecalis is more obvious than propolis or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. But antibacterial activity of propolis over 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or vice versa was not confirmed.
Zahra Sadat Madani, Azadeh Harandi, Ensie Geraily, Ali Bijani, Samane Gharekhani,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the fracture strength of immature single-rooted teeth restored with fiber post and apical plug.
Materials &Methods: In this experimental study, fifty mandibular premolars were divided into five groups. The coronal and apical portions were cut to obtain15±1 mm root lengths and cleaning &shaping were performed. Peeso reamer #4 was passed the apex by 1 mm to simulate an immature tooth and the apical portion in group 1 to 5 was filled by lateral compaction of 5 mm of gutta-percha; 5 mm of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); 5mm of calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement; 3 mm of MTA and 2 mm of gutta-percha by vertical condensation and 3 mm of CEM cement and 2 mm of gutta-percha, respectively. The remaining portion was restored with glass fiber post and self-etch cement and composite cores were built. Compressive load was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute at 90 ° angle until fracture in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in SPSS16.
Results: The mean±SD fracture strength was recorded 607.8±162.41 N, 700.48±183.24 N, 595.16±171.77 N, 886.36±382.92N, and 868.87±440.36 N in groups one to five, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the experimental groups (p=0.1).
Conclusion: In immature teeth requiring an apical plug, fiber post can be placed directly on the MTA and CEM apical plugs and there is no need for placing gutta-percha on the plug.
Akam Saeidi, Mahmoodreza Hamidi, Azadeh Harandi, Mina Habibolahpour, Hemmat Gholinia,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of dentinal cracks in the mesial root of maxillary molar during canal preparation using Neoniti system in different torque settings.
Materials &Methods: In this in-vitro study, 60 maxillary molars extracted for various reasons were selected. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: one group(n=15) without preparation was considered as a control group (unprepared control group), the other 3 groups prepared with rotary neoniti system: group with standard torque (1.5 N/CM2)(n=15), group with high torque (2N/CM2)(n=15), and group with low torque (1N /CM2)(n=15). After a canal preparation procedure, the teeth were horizontally sectioned at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex. All sections were examined for determining the presence of cracks using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.
Results: There was no crack in the control group. The number of cracks was significantly higher in the high-torque group (80%) than standard- and low-torque groups (20%, 26.7%, respectively) (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the standard-torque group and low-torque group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: According to this study result, to avoid crack formation in higher torques using motors with torque control option is suggested.
Azadeh Harandi, Ehsan Moudi, Hemmat Gholinia, Mehdi Akbarnezhad,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Knowledge of the internal anatomy of the tooth, apical foramen (AF) and mental foramen (MF) is considered a basic prerequisite before root canal surgical and non-surgical treatments. The aim this study is evaluation the distance and situation of AF & MF to anatomic apex of mandibular premolar.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of mandibular premolars from 240 patients with a minimum age of 20 years were evaluated. The location and distance of the MF and AF from the anatomical apex in mandibular premolars were investigated. The information was compared in both genders and both sides of mandible, and analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-Square and T-Test.
Results: In the right quadrant, the mean distance from AF to the anatomic apex in the first premolars was higher than the second ones (p=0.02). There was a significant difference among the mean distances from AF to the anatomic apex in various positions of the AF in both quadrants. The MF was closer to the second premolars in both sides (p<0.00). No significant difference was observed between two genders and two sides of the jaw.
Conclusion: possibility of lateral extrusion of canals in the mandibular premolars , the use of the auxiliary devices such as apex locator is useful. According to different place of MF,it’s necessary to pay attention to this position during the periapical surgeries in the mandibular premolars, specially in second premolar.
Maryam Zare Jahromi, Mozhde Mehdizade, Zahra Shirazizade, Elmira Poursaeid,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: To achieve a successful endodontic treatment, the clinician has to identify the different canal configurations.mandibular premolars have the wide variety of root canal morphology and they are known as the most difficult teeth to treat in endodontics.CBCT provides a non-invasive 3D confirmatory diagnosis as a complement to conventional radiography.The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology inmandibular premolars using CBCT technology.
Materials & Methods: A total of 114 cone-beam computed tomographic images including 228 mandibular first premolars and 228 mandibular second premolars with fully developed roots, were investigated.The CBCT images were collected from private oral and maxillofacial radiology centers in Isfahan, were examined in axial section and the information of each tooth was recorded by three examiners. Then, the data were analyzed by computer analysis such as; t-test, McNamara, chi-square test.
Results: Of the first premolars 89.56% had a single canal and 10.09% had two canals and 0.44% was C shaped. Of the second premolars 97.37% had one canal and 2.19% had two canals. None of mandibular premolars had three canals and just one C-shaped canal was observed (0.44 %). There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of the diversity of canals and gender.
Conclusion: In this study, most of the mandibular premolars had single canal and first mandibular premolars were five times more likely to have two canals than second premolars.
Somaye Hosseini, Ali Soleymani, Ehsan Moudi, Tasnim Bagheri, Hemmat Gholinia,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Although there are many studies about the internal anatomy of mandibular molars, there is still controversy over the frequency of middle mesial canals and isthmuses in the mesial root of mandibular molars and distolingual third root (Radix entomolaris) that it can be seen in any population, but it is more frequent in Asians and makes endodontic treatment difficult. Because of limited studies on the middle mesial canal, isthmus in north of Iran; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of these variations in the north of country.
Materials & Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 200 mandibular first molar teeth without any root canal treatment and completely erupted and developed were evaluated. Samples with open apex, internal root resorption, calcification, crown and extensive restoration were excluded. The patients’ gender, age, tooth location (left and right), count of canals in the mesial root, presence or absence of isthmus in mesial root, middle mesial canal and isthmus level in the mesial root and distolingual root (Radix entomolaris) were studied in three groups based on age; <20, 20-40 and >40.
Results: From 200 samples, 18 teeth (9%) had middle mesial canal, 38 teeth (19%) had isthmus in mesial root and 6 teeth (3%) had distolingual root (Radix entomolaris).
Conclusion: due to the high frequency of isthmuses, middle mesial canals and Radix entomolaris in the population, which cannot be ignored, missing and treating these spaces could be one of the main reasons for failure in root canal treatment. Therefore, it is advised to put more effort into detecting and completely clean and obturate these spaces in surgical and non-surgical endodontic treatments.
Abbas Ghobadi, Ali Soleymani, Hemmat Gholinia,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the apical microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and biodentine.
Materials & Methods: The study was performed on 76 single-canal human teeth. Root canals were prepared by ProTaper rotary system, obturated with gutta-percha. Thereafter, the apical section of the teeth was cut from 3 mm above the apex, and 3 mm of gutta-percha was removed by an ultrasonic device from the apical part of the root canals. Then, 60 teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups and filled with MTA, CEM cement, and biodentine. Control groups were also prepared. All surfaces of the samples were covered with two layers of nail polish, except for the surfaces near the apical filling. In each group, half of the samples were immersed in indian ink for 3 days and the other half for 7 days. After clearing, the samples were examined using stereo microscope with 20x magnification and dye penetration was evaluated. Data analysis was performed using Repeated measures and One-way ANOVA and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean microleakage for MTA, CEM cement and biodentine on the third day were 2576.80 and 2567.60, 2370.20 and the mean on the seventh day were 2431.50, 1516.50 and 1560.70, respectively. The mean leakage was not statistically different in samples on the third and seventh days. The difference of microleakage was statistically significant among these materials.
Conclusion: It seems the biodentine compared to MTA and CEM cement have better apical sealing ability.
Masoumeh Mohsen Pourian, Azin Alasvand Javadi, Mohammad Yazdizadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Effective endodontic treatment requires identification of all root canals. The inability of dentists to locate all root canals can lead to the failure in endodontic treatment. Consequently, an accurate diagnostic device is essential to detect all root canals . The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of cone- beam computed tomography(CBCT) as a diagnostic tool to detect the root canals of maxillary first premolars in a selected Iranian population.
Materials & Methods: In this in vitro study,48 human extracted maxillary first premolar teeth were scanned by CBCT, and then all teeth were sectioned. In the current study, sectional method was chosen as the gold standard. The CBCT scans were observed by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist, and the sections were evaluated by an endodontist using stereomicroscope. Finally, the collected data were entered into SPSS-22 and analyzed by Kappa coefficient and Chi-square test. Significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: The agreement between CBCT and sectional methods for root canal detection was 97.2% which was significant (95.8% in the first section, 97.9% in the second and third sections), (p<0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that CBCT is a safe and non-invasive tool that can be used to detect root canals if other low-dose radiation imaging techniques do not provide acceptable results.
